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Ramses III

1217 BCE – 1155 BCE

Ramses III was the second ruler of Egypt’s Twentieth Dynasty and was one of the last great Egyptian pharaohs. He reigned during a very turbulent time in the Mediterranean that saw the Trojan War, the fall of Mycenae, and a great surge of displaced people from all over the region that wreaked havoc and even toppled some empires.

In the eighth year of his reign, a confederation of “Sea Peoples” attempted to force settlement in Egypt. The “Sea Peoples” were from regions along the Mediterranean who left their homes because of wars and famines. They tried to invade Egypt from the eastern land border and from the Mediterranean Sea. Ramses III sent an army and the Sea Peoples were defeated.

Ramses III is well known for his domestic building program, a consolidation of law and order, as well as a tree-planting program. He made huge donations of land to the most important temples in Thebes, Memphis, and Heliopolis. The Mortuary Temple of Ramses III at Medinet Habu includes important texts and artistic depictions of the

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Ramesses III

Egyptian pharaoh 1186–1155 BCE, New Kingdom, 20th Dynasty

Usermaatre Meryamun Ramesses III was the second Pharaoh of the Twentieth Dynasty in Ancient Egypt. Some scholars date his reign from 26 March 1186 to 15 April 1155 BC, and he is considered the last pharaoh of the New Kingdom to have wielded substantial power.

His long reign saw the decline of Egyptian political and economic power, linked to a series of invasions and internal economic problems that also plagued pharaohs before him. This coincided with a decline in the cultural sphere of Ancient Egypt.^[1]

However, his successful defense was able to slow down the decline, although it still meant that his successors would have a weaker military. He has also been described as a "warrior Pharaoh" due to his strong military strategies. He led the way by defeating the invaders known as "the Sea Peoples", who had caused destruction in other civilizations and empires. He was able to save Egypt from collapsing at the time when many other empires fell during the Late Bronze Age; however, the damage of th

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The Last Great Pharaoh? The Story of Ramesses III

Ramesses III was the second pharaoh of the Twentieth Dynasty during the New Kingdom and came to power when Egypt was in a period of decline. During his reign of around 30 years, he was able to slow this decline by defeating the Sea People and the Libyans, as well as keeping up an impressive building program. After his reign, the kingdom of Egypt went into turmoil through internal fighting and Egypt’s inability to capitalize on the innovation of iron during the Iron Age. Ramesses’ death marked the closing of Egypt’s position of prosperity and stability, which is why he is known as the last Great Pharaoh.

Ascension and Early Reign

Ramesses directly succeeded his father, Setnakhte, in the line of succession. Not much is known about Setnakhte, but he seemingly had no relation to at least the previous two Pharaohs and was a possible usurper who was perhaps related to the famous Ramesses II (the Great). Moreover, he only ruled for a maximum of three years. The Ramesside Dynasty had started successfully but mirrored the 18t