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Pattimura
Thomas Matulessy, dit Kapitan Pattimura ou simplement Pattimura, né le à Haria (en) (Indes orientales néerlandaises)[1] et mort le au Fort Nieuw Victoria (Indes orientales néerlandaises)[2], est un soldat ambonais, chef de file de la rébellion contre les forces néerlandaises à Saparua près d'Ambon dans les Moluques.
Il prit la forteresse néerlandaise et repoussa la force coloniale envoyée contre lui. Le Résident néerlandais de Saparua et sa famille (à l'exception d'un enfant) sont tués. Les Néerlandais envoient des renforts de Batavia (aujourd'hui Jakarta). Les rebelles sont défaits et Pattimura se rend. Le , il est pendu avec trois de ses partisans (Philips Latumahina, Anthoni Rhebok et Said Parintah)[3].
Postérité
[modifier | modifier le code]L'héritage de Pattimura et de sa guerre contre les Néerlandais est revendiqué à la fois par les indépendantistes moluquois et par les autorités indonésiennes[4],[5],[6].
Par décret du président Soeharto, il est fait héros national d'Indonésie le , en même temps que d'autres figures historique
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Pattimura
National hero of Indonesia
In this article, the surname is Matulessy, his Moluccanpatronymic surname.
Thomas Matulessy (8 June 1783 – 16 December 1817), also known as Kapitan Pattimura or simply Pattimura, was a famous Ambonese soldier who became a symbol of both the Maluku and Indonesian struggle for independence, praised by President Sukarno and declared a national hero by President Suharto. He has several namesakes in both the Netherlands and in the Indonesian archipelago.
Born on the island of Ceram, Pattimura joined the British Colonial Auxiliary Forces after they took the Maluku islands from the French. When the islands were returned to the Dutch in 1816, he was dismissed. The return of the Dutch in 1816 marked a change in the colonial system. After the bankruptcy of the Dutch East India Company, the Indonesian archipelago came under the control of the newly founded Kingdom of the Netherlands. This was accompanied by, among other things, the establishment of a colonial army: KNIL. Christian Moluccans in particular were wanted as ethni
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